Policy-relevant behaviours predict heavier drinking and mediate the relationship with age, gender and education status : analysis from the international alcohol control study
To investigate behaviours related to four alcohol policy variables (policy-relevant behaviours) and demographic variables in relation to typical quantities of alcohol consumed on-premise in six International Alcohol Control study countries. Design and methods: General population surveys with drinkers using a comparable survey instrument and data analysed using path analysis in an overall model and for each country. Measures: typical quantities per occasion consumed on-premise; gender, age; years of education, prices paid, time of purchase, time to access alcohol and liking for alcohol advertisements. Results: In the overall model younger people, males and those with fewer years of education consumed larger typical quantities. Overall lower prices paid, later time of purchase and liking for alcohol ads predicted consuming larger typical quantities; this was found in the high-income countries, less consistently in the high-middle-income countries and not in the low middle-income country. Three policy-relevant behaviours (prices paid, time of purchase, liking for alcohol ads) mediated the relationships between age, gender, education and consumption in high-income countries. Discussion and conclusions: International Alcohol Control survey data showed a relationship between policy-relevant behaviours and typical quantities consumed and support the likely effect of policy change (trading hours, price and restrictions on marketing) on heavier drinking. The path analysis also revealed policy-relevant behaviours were significant mediating variables between the effect of age, gender and educational status on consumption. However, this relationship is clearest in high-income countries. Further research is required to understand better how circumstances in low-middle-income countries impact effects of policies
Auteur ou autrice(s) : Casswell, Sally, Huckle, Taisia, Wall, Martin, Parker, Karl, Chaiyasong, Surasak, Parry, Charles D. H., Cuong, Pham Viet, Gray-Phillip, Gaile, Piazza, Marina
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Langage : Anglais
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Alcohol taxes’ contribution to prices in high and middle-income countries : data from the International Alcohol Control Study
The paper draws on data from six participating countries of the International Alcohol Control Study to examine and evaluate their comparative prices and tax regimes. Both ad valorem and specific per unit of alcohol taxation systems are represented among the six countries. The prices differ widely between countries even though presented in terms of Purchasing Power Parity. The percentage of tax in the final price also varies widely but is much lower than the 75% goal set by the World Health Organization. There is a higher proportion of abstainers in middle-income countries and men drink much more alcohol than women.
Auteur ou autrice(s) : Wall, Martin, Casswell, Sally, Callinan, Sarah, Chaiyasong, Surasak, Cuong, Pham Viet, Gray-Phillips, Gaile, Parry, Charles D.H
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Langage : Anglais
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Availability of alcohol : location, time and ease of purchase in high and
middle-income countries : data from the International alcohol
control study
Surveys of drinkers in the International Alcohol Control study in high-income and middle-income countries were analysed. On-premise purchasing (bars, night clubs, restaurants) was prevalent in the high-income countries. However, the vast majority of alcohol consumed in all countries, except St Kitts and Nevis (high-income), was bought from alcohol shops (“take-away”or “take-out”). The trading hours of premises are a key availability policy lever. Studies have shown the impacts of changes to trading hours. With this study complementary data is presented, quantifying at what times drinkers purchase alcohol, including late purchase. Time taken to access alcohol may also be a useful measure of availability.
Auteur ou autrice(s) : Gray-Phillip, Gaile, Huckle, Taisia, Callinan, Sarah, Parry, Charles D.H., Chaiyasong, Surasak, Cuong, Pham Viet, Mackintosh, Anne-Marie, Meier, Petra, Kazantseva, Elena, Piazza, Marina, Parker, Karl, Casswell, Sally
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Langage : Anglais
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Robust research tools shed light on the crucial development issue of alcohol harm and enable effective policy adoption
The International Alcohol Control (IAC) Study collects and analyses detailed information regarding alcohol-related health and economic burdens, and the potential effectiveness of various measures, using two research tools – an extensive survey of the drinking population and a protocol for an analysis of the alcohol policy environment. The article focuses on IAC work and results, which provide an important baseline of local data that countries can utilize to initiate public debate and policy dialogue, and on which they can build when policy interventions are considered. The IDRC IAC data collection comprises selected low and middle-income countries (LMICs).
Auteur ou autrice(s) : Lecours, Natacha, Hallen, Greg
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International alcohol control study : methodology and implementation
The International Alcohol Control (IAC) Study is a multi-country collaborative project to assess patterns of alcohol consumption and the impact of alcohol control policy. The aim of this paper is to report the methods and implementation of the IAC. Results show that IAC instruments are readily adapted for cross-country use. The IAC methodology has provided survey data on key measures of alcohol consumption (quantity, frequency and volume), and aspects of policy-relevant behaviour and policy implementation. The IAC survey was administered via computer-assisted interview. Data was collected via document review, administrative or commercial data and key informant interviews.
Auteur ou autrice(s) : Huckle, Taisia, Casswell, Sally, Mackintosh, Anne‐Marie, Chaiyasong, Surasak, Cuong, Pham Viet, Morojele, Neo, Parry, Charles D. H., Meier, Petra, Holmes, John, Callinan, Sarah, Piazza, Marina, Kazantseva, Elena, Bayandorj, Tsogzolmaa, Gray‐Phillip, Gaile, Haliday, Sharon, Chun, Sungsoo, Welch, Miriam, Graydon‐Guy, Thomas, Parker, Karl
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Evaluating alcohol control policies in St. Kitts and Nevis : final technical report
The Federation of St. Kitts and Nevis are two islands (11 miles apart) but one country. The study evaluated the impact of changes in alcohol policy on drinking behaviour, and policy-related variables: effects of pricing policies; restrictions on hours of expenditure; marketing restrictions; impacts of differences and changes in alcohol policy on drinking behavior; and physical availability across different population groups. This study allowed for international comparisons of alcohol policy in St. Kitts and Nevis with a number of countries currently implementing the International Alcohol Control (IAC) Study.
Auteur ou autrice(s) : Gray-Phillip, Gaile, Monteiro, Maristela, Halliday, Sharon, Byron, Karimu, Harvey, Elneth Toussaint
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Langage : Anglais
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Drinking patterns vary by gender, age and country-level income : cross-country analysis of the international alcohol control study
The study investigated drinking patterns by gender and age in a range of countries with differing income levels. Results show percentages of high-frequency, heavier-typical quantity and higher-risk drinking were greater among men than in women in all countries. The distribution of high-frequency, heavier-typical quantity and higher-risk drinking categories were disaggregated by gender and age groups across the countries. High frequency drinking was greater in high-income countries, particularly in older age groups. Middle-income countries overall showed less frequent drinking but heavier typical quantities. Surveys of drinkers were conducted in Australia, England, Scotland, New Zealand, St Kitts and Nevis (high-income), and Thailand, South Africa, Mongolia and Vietnam (middle-income).
Auteur ou autrice(s) : Chaiyasong, Surasak, Huckle, Taisia, Mackintosh, Anne‐Marie, Meier, Petra, Parry, Charles D. H., Callinan, Sarah, Cuong, Pham Viet, Kazantseva, Elena, Gray‐Phillip, Gaile, Parker, Karl, Casswell, Sally
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Langage : Anglais
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Alcohol environment protocol : a new tool for alcohol policy
Auteur ou autrice(s) : Casswell, Sally, Morojele, Neo, Williams, Petal Petersen, Chaiyasong, Surasak, Gordon, Ross, Gray-Phillip, Gaile, Cuong, Pham Viet, MacKintosh, Anne-Marie, Halliday, Sharon, Railton, Renee, Randerson, Steve, Parry, Charles D. H.
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Langage : Anglais
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International alcohol control study : analyses from the first wave
The article provides background to the international alcohol control (IAC) study including design for policy evaluation, methodology, countries involved, and study objectives. The IAC study has provided a research platform for diverse countries to collect alcohol consumption and policy-relevant data in comparable ways. This special journal issue presents the first cross country analyses from 10 countries of the IAC. Results from the Alcohol Environment Protocol describe differences in legislative and regulatory frameworks, socio-economic and policy-relevant behaviours, and key informants’ perceptions of alcohol policy implementation and enforcement. Taxation systems and prices paid for alcohol by survey respondents from six countries were analysed.
Auteur ou autrice(s) : Casswell, Sally
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Langage : Anglais
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Cross-country comparison of proportion of alcohol consumed
in harmful drinking occasions using the International Alcohol
Control Study
In general, a higher proportion of alcohol was consumed in harmful drinking occasions by respondents in the middle-income countries than respondents in the high-income countries. The proportion of informal alcohol consumed in harmful drinking occasions was lower than commercial alcohol. The proportion of commercial alcohol consumed in harmful drinking occasions in a range of alcohol markets shows the reliance of the transnational alcohol corporations on harmful alcohol use. This reliance underpins industry lobbying against effective policy and support for ineffective approaches. The conflict of interest between the alcohol industry and public health requires their exclusion from the alcohol policy space.
Auteur ou autrice(s) : Cuong, Pham Viet, Casswell, Sally, Parker, Karl, Callinan, Sarah, Chaiyasong, Surasak, Kazantseva, Elena, Meier, Petra, Mackintosh, Anne-Marie, Piazza, Marina, Gray-Phillip, Gaile, Parry, Charles D.H.
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Langage : Anglais
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Support for alcohol policies among drinkers in Mongolia,
New Zealand, Peru, South Africa, St Kitts and Nevis, Thailand and
Vietnam : data from the International alcohol control study
Findings of the data analysis show that across countries, policy support was generally higher for policies addressing drink driving and increasing the alcohol purchase age. There was less support for policies increasing the price of alcohol, especially when funds were not earmarked. Policy support differed by country, and was generally higher in the five middle-income countries. The study aimed to determine the magnitude of public support for 12 alcohol policies and whether policy differs by country, demographic factors and drinking risk (volume consumed).
Auteur ou autrice(s) : Parry, Charles D.H., Londani, Mukhethwa, Enkhtuya, Palam, Huckle, Taisia, Piazza, Marina, Gray-Phillip, Gaile, Chaiyasong, Surasak, Cuong, Pham Viet, Caswell, Sally
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Langage : Anglais
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Socio-economic disadvantage is associated with heavier drinking in
high but not middle-income countries participating in the
International alcohol control study
Associations between socio-economic disadvantage and heavier drinking vary depending on country-level income. These findings highlight the value of exploring cross-country differences in heavier drinking, and the importance of including country-level measurements to better elucidate relationships. Individual-level measures of disadvantage, lower education, and living in poverty, were associated with heavier drinking, consuming 8+ drinks on a typical occasion or drinking at the higher risk level, when all countries were considered together. Drinkers in the middle-income countries had a higher probability of consuming 8+ drinks on a typical occasion relative to drinkers in the high-income countries.
Auteur ou autrice(s) : Huckle, Taisia, Romeo, Jose S., Wall, Martin, Callinan, Sarah, Holmes, John, Meier, Petra, Mackintosh, Anne-Maree, Piazza, Marina, Chaiyasong, Surasak, Cuong, Pham Viet, Casswell, Sally
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Langage : Anglais
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