Adapting to changing climates: Why inclusive and equitable research matters

To be truly transformative, climate adaptation research cannot only aim to help communities adapt to the challenges of a changing climate – it must also change who has the agency to decide how to do so. 

For example, floods reach Ghana’s White Volta Basin each year from Burkina Faso. There, along with droughts, they jeopardize the well-being of communities that depend on rainfed farming. And while these community members hold valuable Indigenous knowledge about resilient farming practices, they often lack decision-making power and have limited access to timely farming inputs, compounded by the challenges of chronic poverty. Women are also particularly affected — including those experiencing further marginalization due to intersecting identities like ethnicity, age or marital status — due to limited land ownership, heavy work burdens and deeply entrenched norms that restrict their inclusion in decision-making and mobility. 
 
But the PALM-TREEs project, supported by the United Kingdom’s Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) and IDRC through the Climate Adaptation and Resilience (CLARE) programme, is changing this. Researchers have worked closely with communities to increase the number and sustainability of village savings and loans associations, which can be used to request short-term loans to invest in farming inputs, small businesses or household needs. With active leadership from women, 37 of these associations now exist across nine communities, empowering over 1,000 members — more than 75% of whom are women — to save, access credit, and invest in climate-smart agriculture and alternative livelihoods. 

A focus on socially inclusive resilience

The CLARE programme aims to enable socially inclusive and sustainable action to build resilience to climate change and natural hazards for people across the Global South.  From its inception, CLARE has set out to centre gender equality and social inclusion considerations, aiming to reduce barriers for vulnerable populations while engaging these groups as key decision makers and actors. Every project funded by CLARE demonstrates a credible approach to understanding and responding to the differential needs of populations while building inclusive approaches into every step of the project life cycle. 
 
All projects funded under CLARE have an ongoing commitment to gender equality and inclusion (GEI) across all relevant aspects of the work. This typically means that they 

• engage community members meaningfully in co-creation and co-design 
• aim to position members of vulnerable populations as decision-makers and power holders 
• foster partnerships with advocacy and action-oriented organizations including non-governmental organizations, community-based organizations and women’s rights groups 

This collaboration is reshaping the way research takes place with rather than on harder-to-reach communities, be they those in informal settlements, pastoralist communities, rural areas or other settings.  

What makes a project transformative?

Projects that work to shift power relations and change norms are considered GEI transformative. They focus on the root causes of inequality, whether it involves including men in planning so they embrace adaptation solutions for women in their households, or exploring migration patterns and experiences within households and communities to understand shifting roles and trade-offs that occur in these scenarios. Transformative projects strive to make the invisible visible: they are an essential part of CLARE’s contribution to change because they examine, question and build an evidence base to address the underlying causes of inequalities.  

Here are a few more examples of how CLARE is advancing gender equality and inclusion in the context of climate adaptation: 

These stories remind us that people experience climate shocks in diverse ways, and research that truly aims to build resilience must be founded on a commitment to equality and inclusion from the very beginning. This has helped CLARE‘s research teams achieve transformative impacts when it comes to changing cultural norms, building climate resilience and ensuring that solutions work for everyone. 
 
These stories and more will be captured in a special issue in the Climate and Development Journal dedicated to GEI and led by two CLARE researchers, Nitya Rao and Florence Kyoheirwe Muhanguzi, published later in 2026. You can also read about these and other projects on the CLARE website. 

Contributors: Shannon Sutton, Senior Program Officer, CLARE programme, IDRC and CLARE partners from PALM-TREEs, WOSFER, RURBANISE, SUCCESS and CLAPs.