Scaling up production of more nutritious yellow potatoes in Colombia
The potato is one of Colombia's most important staple foods and a significant source of low-cost calories for families. However, yellow potato varieties grown in southern Colombia’s Nariño region are low-yielding and highly susceptible to late blight disease. As most families in this region own small farms, planting high-yielding, disease-resistant potato varieties is vital to ensure a large enough harvest for both consumption and sale.
To address these challenges, farmers, breeders, and scientists collaborated on the development and selection of three new varieties of yellow potatoes that have a higher nutritional content, increased resistance to late blight disease, and higher yields. Once these new varieties were developed, the next step involved working with farmers of all sizes to make them available to millions of Colombian consumers and alleviate malnutrition and food security, particularly for rural families.
New and more nutritious potato varieties
Farmers, breeders, and scientists married scientific knowledge and traditional practices to develop three new yellow potato varieties: Criolla Ocarina, Criolla Sua Pa, and Criolla Dorada. These potatoes yield 15% more than traditional varieties, are twice as resistant to late blight disease, contain double the amount of protein, and have nearly 20% more iron and zinc.
The new varieties have already replaced 16% of the country’s yellow potato production area and are proving to be popular with consumers. With a 40% yield increase over traditional varieties, the improved cultivars are available to more than 6.5 million Colombian consumers and expected to reach up to 8.6 million Colombians in 2018. They have boosted the incomes of more than 4,000 farmers by 18% and these varieties have also helped the number of households classified as food secure increase from 19% to 59%.
Higher productivity and improved market access
A sustainable seed supply system was developed without requiring external subsidies. The business model enabled seven groups of rural entrepreneurs to become specialists in the production of high-quality seeds to be sold to potato growers. Short market chains ensure local seed producers can meet local needs while preventing the movement of pests and diseases from one location to another.
The project’s partnership with Agroidea, a private seed plant breeding and production company, accelerated the scale-up by producing elite and super elite potato seeds of the new varieties and selling directly to large, small, and medium-sized potato producers.
Building local capacity
Building local capacity has been key to the project’s sustainability. This includes a sustainable business model for the local production and availability of high-quality seeds that increase yields for farmers, creating new jobs, and improving the health of Colombian consumers, including smallholder farmers.
Family farming schools taught participants practical knowledge for growing the new varieties, as well as for growing fruits and vegetables, preparing food, hygiene, and guidance on gender issues. Leadership training and the development of Community Action Plans have empowered women in their communities, including new savings and credit mechanisms.
A multi-pronged approach to improve the health of mothers and children
New community groups called Shagras para la vida (“Home gardens for life”) have recovered indigenous knowledge (e.g., more organic agriculture) and have increased incomes. This intergenerational community-based approach resulted in more fruits and vegetables being grown in new communal gardens and traditional family gardens, increased dietary diversity, and the recovery of native plants. In total, 160 families learned how to produce healthy, indigenous crops through the shagras. Overall, 70% of participating households were able to improve their nutrition and health.
The project assisted in the implementation of a nationwide program to supply micronutrient powders to mothers and schools. These fortified “sprinkles” can be added to a young child’s food once every two days, providing most of the micronutrients they need. A clinical study involving 2,589 children under five showed that children with mild or moderate anemia at the beginning of the study in 2016 had no anemia when tested in 2017.
What’s next?
The project reached an agreement with the National Fund for the Promotion of Potato Cultivation to continue scaling up rural entrepreneur networks at the national level. The team at the National University of Colombia is documenting the models and promoting them within the ministry of agriculture and rural development for possible inclusion in a national rural development policy.
The Canadian International Food Security Research Fund is jointly funded by Global Affairs Canada and the International Development Research Centre.