Pathways to Resilience in Semi-Arid Economies
How can populations become resilient to climate change while pursuing economic growth? This question is at the heart of a research project designed to support climate-resilient economic development in semi-arid lands. It will do so by addressing the conditions for economic growth and considering the needs of women and marginalized groups.
Leading change on climate change adaptation
Five consortium partners will implement the project in six countries: Burkina Faso, Kenya, Pakistan, Senegal, Tajikistan, and Tanzania. These countries all have large, economically crucial semi-arid lands, where water scarcity shapes ecosystems and social and economic opportunities.
The partners include:
-Overseas Development Institute
-Innovations
-Environnement et Développement en Afrique
-Center for Climate Change Studies at the University of Dar es Salaam
-Grantham Research Institute at London School of Economics
-Sustainable Development Policy Institute
A vision for the future
The consortium's vision of climate-resilient development includes development that tackles poverty and maximizes people's capacity to adapt to climate change, while also expecting that change is needed to implement this vision. The research program is designed to produce evidence that will support this change.
Research methodology
The research will identify:
-different enabling factors of economic development;
-where they fail to meet the needs and aspirations of poor and marginalized people;
-whether they increase people's vulnerability to climate change; and
-which of these key factors might be affected by climate change and how.
The researchers will take a transdisciplinary approach to assess how to resolve trade-offs between these different dimensions to support climate-resilient development.
From research to policy
The research results will advise policymakers and decision-makers contemplating uncertain interactions between climate change and economic development in fragile semi-arid lands. The researchers will engage with business leaders, economic ministries, and regional economic communities to create new knowledge and to translate this knowledge into policies and investments. Their goal is to help reduce poverty and strengthen adaptive capacity.
Project ID
107643
Project Status
Completed
End Date
Duration
57 months
IDRC Officer
Evans Kituyi
Total Funding
CA$ 13,394,735.00
Location
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Programs
Institution Country
Pakistan
Project Leader
Dr. Abid Suleri
Institution
Sustainable Development Policy Institute
Institution Website
Institution Country
Tanzania
Project Leader
Dr. Emmah T. Liwenga
Institution
University of Dar es Salaam
Institution Country
United Kingdom
Project Leader
Eva Ludi
Institution
ODI
Institution Website
Institution
Innovations
Institution Website
Institution Country
Senegal
Project Leader
Mamadou Bara Gueye
Institution
Innovations, Environnement et Développement en Afrique
Institution Website
Institution Country
United Kingdom
Project Leader
Samuel Fankhauser
Institution
London School of Economics and Political Science
Institution Website
Outputs
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Pathways for irrigation development : policies and irrigation performance in Tanzania Paper
This report presents the findings of a rapid review to determine the policies and politics that have shaped irrigation practice and performance in Tanzania over the past 40–50 years. The review seeks to understand drivers (and blockages) of change with respect to improving sector performance and to identify opportunities for innovation. We also consider who has benefited and lost from public investments, and how these investments could better contribute to poverty reduction, economic growth and climate resilience. The focus of the analysis is small-scale irrigation schemes managed by farmers and supported by the state. We are particularly interested in the role irrigation plays in contexts characterised by high rainfall variability and increasing (physical or economic) water scarcity, such as the upper Rufiji Basin. The desk-based review was supplemented with in-country interviews at national and district level (Iringa), and brief site visits to three schemes in the Ruaha sub-catchment of the Rufiji (also Iringa district). Author(s): Oates, Naomi, Mossello, Beatrice, Jobbins, Guy Language: English |
S’engager résolument vers une gestion améliorée des ressources en eau au Burkina Faso Dossiers
Author(s): Wetta, Claude, Sampana, Léon, Noufe, Tiatité, Sana, Mohamed, Sirima, Valentin, Idogo, Rodrigue Language: French |
Climate change adaptation among female-led micro, small and medium enterprises in semi-arid areas : a case study from Kenya Paper
The paper argues that strong socio-cultural orientations around gender roles and resource access confine female-led micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) to sectors that experience higher exposure to climate risk, most notably agriculture. These factors also trigger more pronounced barriers to building resilience within female-led businesses, including reduced access to land, capital, markets, new technology and educational opportunities. Social networks, such as women’s groups and micro banking initiatives, appear to be crucial adaptation tools. MSMEs are critical in developing country economies. Accounting for about 80% of total employment, they provide most livelihood opportunities in sub-Saharan Africa. Author(s): Atela, Joanes, Gannon, Kate Elizabeth, Crick, Florence Language: English |
How do African SMEs respond to climate risks? : evidence from Kenya and Senegal Paper
This paper provides survey results regarding adaptation behaviour of small and medium enterprises (SME) in semi-arid Kenya and Senegal. While some measures aim to maintain business continuity or “sustainable adaptation,” others are mere coping strategies to ward off the worst impacts of disaster. The more frequent the occurrence of extreme events, the more the balance shifts towards such reactive coping. This suggests there are limits to the effectiveness of sustainable adaptation. Financial barriers and insufficient market access increase the probability of reactive coping practices. Access to information, general government support and specific adaptation assistance all increase the probability of sustainable adaptation. Author(s): Crick, Florence, Eskander, Shaikh, Fankhauser, Sam, Diop, Mamadou Language: English |
Gouvernance transfrontalière du changement climatique dans les régions semi-arides : cas d'étude du Sénégal Études
Author(s): Lo, Henri M., Crick, Florence, Leck, Hayley, Ndiaye, Bamba, Fall, Mor Sèye Language: French |
Securing peace and prosperity Book
Exploring regional cooperation becomes essential for successful implementation of sustainable development goals (SDG) in South Asia. The book covers aspects of peacebuilding, public policy and leadership, fiscal policy and how to secure economic sustainability. Most countries in the region face problems including poverty, corruption, and inter and intra- state conflicts, political instability and challenges related to climate change. Water governance and the dynamics of social justice each have their own section in the book. Terrorism and post-conflict accountability feature in section four. The availability and access to reliable data and information remain major concerns in South Asia. Author(s): Language: English |
Geography, institutions and development : a review of the long-run impacts of climate change Article
The paper reviews potential effects of climate change on the prospects for long term economic development. These effects might operate directly via the role of geography (including climate) as a fundamental determinant of relative prosperity, or indirectly, by modifying the environmental context in which political and economic institutions evolve. It considers potential mechanisms from climate change on long-run economic development that have been relatively neglected, including for instance the effects on income distribution and political power. Section 3 focuses on indirect effects, beginning with the role of institutions in the process of development. Author(s): Castells-Quintana, David, del Pilar Lopez-Uribe, Maria, McDermott, Thomas K.J. Language: English |
Climate change and heat-waves : rural-to-urban migration in Pakistan, a silent looming crisis Brief
The policy brief summarizes findings and recommendations from a recent study on climate-induced internal migration in Pakistan. Heat stress in particular affects agricultural productivity of winter crops like wheat, a staple food which is grown in arid and semiarid areas of Pakistan. Given the sensitivity of wheat crop to heat-stress, by 2030 the anticipated decline in wheat production will affect the rural poor and marginal households across Pakistan, who will be forced to cope with the situation and will incentivise the rural poor to out-migrate. Author(s): Saeed, Fahad, Salik, Kashif Majeed, Ishfaq, Sadia Language: English |
Misfortunes never come singly : structural change, multiple shocks and child malnutrition in rural Senegal Paper
Senegalese subsistence farmers struggle with pronounced shocks through purchase prices and droughts. The paper assesses the impact of these shocks on child health in a “multi- shock” approach, to account for concomitance of adverse events from natural, biological, economic and health spheres. The analysis of research findings shows that droughts explain up to 43% of standard deviation of child health, and increased prices explain up to 25%. This paper reports on the study methodology, the survey, the resulting datasets, and the analysis of findings as they relate to policy making. Author(s): Lazzaroni, Sara, Wagner, Natascha Language: English |
Climate change perception and system of rice intensification (SRI) impact on dispersion and downside risk : a moment approximation approach Paper
This article assesses the consequential risk impacts of the recent system of rice intensi cation (SRI) implemented in the Morogoro region of Tanzania, one of the largest Semi-Arid regions, using household and farm plot level data extended to incorporate farmers' perceptions of climate change. The analysis implements a moment approximation approach that accounts for the impacts of the technology on the first three moments of rice yields and total household income. Using a endogenous switching regressions model, we nd that perception of climate change is a key driver for SRI adoption and impacts primarily the moments of income. Thereby, the study highlights the importance of climate perceptions and moisture-conserving technology in risk management in Semi-Arid areas. The theme of the study also falls within the objectives of PRISE (Pathways to Resilience in Semi-Arid Economies) as it brings together institutional intervention (in the form of SRI provision), land productivity and vulnerabilit y (in the form of farmers' perceptions of climatic factors). Author(s): Bezabih, Mintewab, Ruhinduka, Remidius, Sarr, Mare Language: English |
PRISE project 4 : enabling private sector adaptation in semi arid areas : country workshop : Laikipia Report
The presentation reports on Pathways to Resilience in Semi-Arid Economies (PRISE) Project 4. This phase investigates the private sector, especially Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) including findings on women-led SMEs, and how they can adapt to climate change. Small and medium enterprises play a key role in supporting livelihoods and economic growth in semi- arid regions such as Laikipia (Kenya). The Kenyan semi-arid lands (SALs) host over 10 million people (25% of the country’s population) who draw their livelihoods from natural resources and associated enterprises. Support of SME through combined financial and gender policy, microcredit and climate funds is critical. Author(s): Atela, Joanes Language: English |
Pathways to resilience in semi-arid economies (PRISE) CARIAA consortium report February 2014 - November 2018 Report
This report summarises: the key thematic, national and global findings and policy recommendations; related engagement activities and stories of impact; the approach taken by the consortium and how it was set up and managed; the monitoring of outcomes; the lessons learned; and next steps for how the research findings and recommendations can be used to inform future programming and the climate adaptation and ‘leave no one behind’ agendas. Author(s): Ludi, Eva, Nathe, Nathalie, Gueye, Bara, Suleri, Abid, Ndin, Rebecca, Fankhauser, Sam, Jobbins, Guy, Sisodia, Rajeshree, Pasanen, Tiina, Fonua, Helen, Carabine, Elizabeth, Salik, Kashif, Quaisrani, Ayesha, Wade, Cheikh, Gannon, Kate, Crick, Florence, Newborne, Peter, Bedelian, Claire, Eskander, Shaikh, Clare, Abbie, Batool, Samavia, Stockwell, Catherine, Rouhaud, Estelle, Ambrose, Kaia Language: English |
Trade-offs for climate-resilient pastoral livelihoods in wildlife conservancies in the Mara Ecosystem, Kenya Study
This paper investigates the ability of wildlife conservancies in the Mara, Kenya to act as an alternative for pastoralists in mitigating risks and maintaining resilience in a changing climate. Conservancies can integrate with and contribute to pastoralist livelihoods. The report weighs trade-offs for pastoralists as they work with conservancies to mitigate climate change amid pressures on ecosystem resources. Findings show that conservancy payments provide important, reliable year-round income and prevent households from having to sell livestock during stressful periods. They also retain grass banks during the dry season for continued access to forage. However, among other drawbacks, they reduce access to large areas of former grazing lands. Author(s): Bedelian, Claire, Ogutu, Joseph O. Language: English |
(Re)conceptualising maladaptation in policy and practice : towards an evaluative framework Paper
Building on this conceptuatlisation of maladaptation, we present the groundwork for a framework that can lend itself to qualitative assessment of adaptation strategies and clarify the differences between four distinct types of adaptation outcomes - ranging from optimal adaptation to maladaptation, In our framework, maladaptation is categorised by determining the impact strategies have on climate risk and wellbeing. The framework also assesses the implications for each category through a distributional and temporal lens. Author(s): Jones, Lindsey, Carabine, Elizabeth, Schipper, E. Lisa Language: English |
Vers une gestion intégrée des ressources en eau au Burkina Faso Études
Author(s): Wetta, Claude, Sampana, Léon, Janvier, Kini, Noufe, Tiatité, Sana, Mohamed, Sirima, Valentin Language: French |
Approche territoriale des changements climatiques au Sénégal : cas de la zone agro-sylvopastorale du Ferlo Rapport d'étude Études
Cette étude de cas sur l'approche territoriale des changements climatiques au niveau de la zone agro-syvopastorale du Ferlo a pour but de mieux comprendre le rôle des facteurs institutionnels, économiques et socio-politiques dans la conception et la mise en oeuvre des politiques climatiques et la manière dont ces facteurs inlfuencent les capacités d'adaptation à différents niveaux. Author(s): Ndiaye, Bamba, Lo, Henri, Crick, Florence Language: French |
Trade-offs for climate-resilient pastoral livelihoods in wildlife conservancies in the Mara ecosystem, Kenya Article
This detailed study finds that conservancy payments can provide an important, reliable, all-year-round source of income and prevent households from selling their animals during stressful periods and for cash needs. Conservancies also preserve the grass for use during the dry season, providing opportunities for pastoralists to access good-quality forage. However, in the Mara ecosystem, conflicts between grazing and conservancies may heighten during drought times; conservancy land leases create trade-offs for livestock-based livelihoods. As well, where income is based on land ownership, women and other marginalised groups are left out. Author(s): Bedelian, Claire, Ogutu, Joseph O. Language: English |
AGRIDAPE : faire face aux risques climatiques Articles de revue
Author(s): Gubbels, Peter, Petersen, Paulo, Marcal da Silveira, Luciano, Galvao Freire, Adriana, Gopal, KS, Thoto, Fréjus, Houessou, Donald, Bakhoum, Charles, Fall, Mamadou, Legay, Christian, Souleye, Mohamadou, Meutchieye, Félix, Fokam Miantsa, Oliver, Neigha Augustin, Djiaguo, Ouédraogo, Mathieu Language: French |
Unlocking climate-resilient economic development in drylands : pathways to a resilient world - submission to the Talanoa dialogu Brief
The brief is based on a five-year evidence-based and stakeholder-driven research project carried out under the consortium for Pathways to Resilience in Semi-Arid Economies (PRISE) in Senegal, Burkina Faso, Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Pakistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Targeted investment, more robust institutional frameworks, and adaptation actions that proactively support climate-resilient economic development (CRED) can enhance adaptive capacity. A territorial approach to adaptation that transcends national borders and administrative boundaries will open up opportunities for transboundary adaptation and support CRED at both regional and national levels. Author(s): Ludi, Eva, Roberts, Erin, Nadin, Rebecca, Calderone, Margherita, Sisodia, Rajeshree, Jobbins, Guy, Nathe, Nathalie Language: English |
Role of climate risk in multiple purpose dam finance in East Africa : small grants programme Brief
The study analyzes whether and how the economic dimension of climate risk is included in dam funding agreements, largely financed by external donors. It provides an overview of the rationale of decision-makers in Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania for building dams for economic development, and current policies of traditional and non-traditional donors in relation to climate risks. Multipurpose dams are being built or proposed in order to cater to the water, energy and food needs of growing populations. At the same time, East Africa is a hotspot for climate-related risks such as floods and droughts. Author(s): Keulertz, Martin Language: English |
Migration, remittances and climate resilience in Tajikistan Paper
Tajikistan’s narrow economic base and high dependence on migrant labor remittances makes the country’s economy heavily dependent on external factors. In Tajikistan, women are responsible for family care and do not work outside the home, relying solely on money earned by their husbands. About 89% of labour migrants regularly send remittances to relatives and households. The majority of families receive remittances at least every 3 months. The paper discusses the structure of remittances, how they vary, and the factors behind variability. Policies that support education and vocational training would help reduce migration outflows and increase resilience. Author(s): Babagaliyeva, Zhanna, Kayumov, Abdulkhamid, Mahmadullozoda, Nurullo, Mustaeva, Nailya Language: English |
AGRIDAPE : revue sur l'agriculture durable à faibles apports externes, février 2015, numéro spécial - faire face aux risques climatiques Articles de revue
Dans le monde entier, les agriculteurs familiaux sont de très loin les plus vulnérables au changement climatique. En effet, ce dernier a des conséquences multiples qui affectent très négativement la productivité des exploitations familles, réduisant ainsi leurs chances d’assurer durablement leur sécurité alimentaire. Pauvres et moins équipés, les agriculteurs familiaux sont bien souvent les plus exposés aux risques climatiques. Pourtant, quelques soient les régions ou les écosystèmes, ces mêmes agriculteurs familiaux ont toujours su se montrer innovants et capables de s’adapter aux effets des variabilités climatiques, en s’appuyant notamment sur des connaissances et un savoir-faire endogènes qui leurs permettent de renforcer leurs capacités de résilience. Ce numéro spécial d’AGRIDAPE présente des approches et stratégies mises en œuvre par différents acteurs pour répondre aux enjeux et défis posés par les risques climatiques. Il est publié grâce à un appui financier du projet Promouvoir la Résilience des Économies en zones Semi- Arides (PRESA) qui vise, à travers la recherche et l’engagement des parties prenantes, à favoriser l’émergence d’économies résilientes face aux changements climatiques. C’est ainsi que nous partageons également dans ce numéro quelques résultats de la première année de mise en œuvre du projet PRESA. Author(s): Language: French |
Changement climatique et agriculture durable au Burkina Faso : stratégies de résilence basées sur les savoirs locaux rapport d'étude Rapports
Dans le contexte actuel de changement climatique, le secteur agricole est mis à rude épreuve si bien que son développement constitue une priorité dans les politiques en cours. Cependant, ces ambitions affichées de croissance agricole sont tributaires des changements climatiques. Dans ce contexte, le consortium de recherche PRESA vise, au terme de ses recherches, à formuler des orientations stratégiques dans les secteurs clés dont l'agriculture. Pour ce faire, la prise en compte des savoirs locaux. La présente étude fait l'état des lieux de ces savoirs à travers deu sites d'étude. Author(s): Dipama, Jean-Marie Pr. Language: French |
Approche territoriale des changements climatiques au Sénégal : cas du plan climat territorial intégré (PCTI) de la région de Dakar Rapport d'étude Études
Le phénomène du changement climatique est, de nos jours, l'un des plus grands défis de l'humanité dans la mesure où il n'épargne aucune contrée de la planète et hypothèque les efforts de développement consentis par cerains États. Bien que les pays industrialisés soient considérés comme principaux responsables du dérèglement du climat, les pays du Sud en l'occurrence les pays pauvres demeurent les plus vulnérables aux impacts négatifs de ce phénomène. Plusieurs initiatives ont été entreprises au niveau international, national et local en guise de réponses. Author(s): Seye Fall, Mor, Lo, Henri, Crick, Florence Language: French |
État des lieux des liens entre migration, transferts et résilience au changement climatique au Sénégal Études
Author(s): Wade, Tidiane, Dime, Mamadou, Tandian, Aly, Soumelong Ehode, Lancelot Language: French |
Enabling private sector adaptation in developing countries and their semi-arid regions – case studies of Senegal and Kenya Study
The private sector plays a critical role in contributing to developing countries’ growth and development efforts and is increasingly recognised as a key actor in climate change resilience activities. This detailed paper addresses gaps in climate adaptation literature by reviewing factors required to provide an enabling environment for the private sector, with a focus on adaptation by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the semi-arid regions (SARs) of Kenya and Senegal. The identification of misalignments within existing regulatory frameworks and policies can lead to revisions and improvements in policy making. Greater targeting of support and training services will help SMEs implement adaptation measures. Author(s): Crick, Florence, Diop, Mamadou, Sow, Momadou, Diouf, Birame, Diouf, Babacar, Muhwanga, Joseph, Dajani, Muna Language: English |
Road to climate resilience : migration as an adaptation strategy Brief
The findings of this research call for better management of the migration process, especially with regards to internal migration. For Pakistan, climate change is a reality that impacts lives and livelihoods adversely. Pakistani authorities have not yet recognized planned migration as an adaptation strategy, unlike other countries such as Bangladesh and Kenya that have integrated internal migration into their adaptation planning. This policy brief advocates for viewing rural to urban migration positively, as a livelihood resilience-enhancing strategy, rather than as a detriment to development. Author(s): Qaisrani, Ayesha, Salik, Kashif Majeed Language: English |
Integrating climate change into businesses plans in Senegal : how collaborative research has increased private sector engagement : story of change Brief
This story of change illustrates how Pathways to Resilience in Semi-Arid Economies (PRISE) project develops new approaches for delivering climate information and knowledge. The private sector plays a critical role in contributing to developing countries’ growth and development efforts, and is increasingly recognised as a key actor in climate change adaptation. High quality information is required to accompany decision-making processes. A revised engagement strategy has increased interactions between Innovation, Environnement, Developpement en Afrique (IED Afrique) research team and key private sector stakeholders, including the Regional Chamber of Trade and the Directorate of Small and Medium Enterprises. Author(s): Ehode, Lancelot Soumelong, Diop, Mamadou, Sisodia, Rajeshree, Ambrose, Kaia Language: English |
‘Leaving no one behind’ through enabling climate-resilient economic development in dryland regions Brief
‘Leave no one behind’ is a principle central to achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and ending the marginalisation of dryland areas requires that governments, development partners and investors prioritise investments to tackle poverty and climate vulnerability in African and Asian drylands. Successful approaches will build on the strengths, dynamics and characteristics of dryland systems, including their inherent adaptive capacity. This policy brief describes key areas of impact and resilience, as well as referencing SDGs of particular importance. Author(s): Jobbins, Guy, Ludi, Eva, Calderone, Margherita, Sisodia, Rajeshree, Sarwar, Moizza B. Language: English |
Transforming the beef value chain in northern Kenya : opportunities for the private sector Brief
The research aims to identify climate risk, adaptation options, and opportunities for private investment in the beef value chain in the semi-arid economies of Laikipia North, Kenya. The three steps for Value Chain Analysis for Resilience in Drylands (VC-ARID) are: 1) mapping the value chain; 2) assessing climate risks at each level of the value chain; 3) identifying adaptation and private sector investment options for climate-resilient value chain transformation. Policy recommendations are provided. Author(s): Language: English |
How can ownership of and access to land drive climate-resilient economic development in Kenya's semi-arid lands? Brief
Pastoralists and agro-pastoralists have been greatly impacted by the transformation from communal land to private ownership. County and national land use planners can provide critical support for climate-resilient pastoralist livelihoods through appropriate low-cost interventions such as wildlife or livestock corridors. The research explored the role of land ownership in reducing climate vulnerability and enhancing climate-resilient economic development in Kenya’s semi-arid lands (SAL). As well as climate change, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists face other drivers of change, including land tenure and land-use changes, population growth, sedentarization, rapid urbanization, globalization and conflict. Author(s): PRISE Language: English |
Supporting private adaptation to climate change in semi-arid lands in developing countries Brief
Public policies as well as climate and business development funds need to take into account that in semi-arid lands the private sector is often informal, that people are mobile, and that they often move in and out of different economic activities. This brief distils broad lessons from Pathways to Resilience in Semi-Arid Economies (PRISE) research regarding the kinds of policies, institutions and other public investments that can support adaptation and climate-resilient development across a broad range of private actors. These will be fundamental to achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development pledge to ‘leave no one behind.’ Author(s): Gannon, Kate Elizabeth, Crick, Florence, Rouhaud, Estelle, Conway, Declan, Fankhauser, Sam Language: English |
Future heatwaves in Pakistan under IPCC’s AR5 climate change scenario Brief
This paper uses data from three Regional Climate Models (RCMs) to present a projection of future heatwaves in Pakistan. Section 2 provides the details of Data and Methodology, followed by a Results section. Section 4 presents critical analysis of the 2015 heatwave in Pakistan, followed by Recommendations. Results of the modelling show increase in heatwaves to be most pronounced over the Punjab plains. The study explains the worst heatwave in Pakistan (2015), which combined with high humidity created ‘felt’ temperatures as high as 50°C. Author(s): Saeed, Fahad, Qaiyum Suleri, Abid Language: English |
Agriculture, water, climate and migration in semi-arid lands in Burkina Faso Study
This report details a study of agricultural communities in the semi-arid central plateau of Burkina Faso and how available water and land resources are managed amidst changing climatic conditions. Farming households in eight villages around the Ziga dam on the Nakambé River were consulted by quantitative survey and discussions with focus groups. These communities are managing by ‘exporting’ their prime male labour force to work in agriculture elsewhere for six months of the year. Women are thus left behind to carry the heavy work load. Construction of small, built water storage infrastructure such as ponds would help local development. Author(s): Newborne, Peter, Gansaonré, Noël R. Language: English |
Transformational development projects and water resources in drylands Study
The economic rationale for a transformational project is to create the conditions for further investment. This type of project can very rapidly shift geographical, sectoral, and distributional characteristics of the economy, in particular by spurring urbanisation and industrialisation. This study frames the ways in which transformational infrastructure programmes can affect water availability for different users in semi-arid and arid regions. The analysis draws out critical challenges associated with managing these impacts, and reviews these challenges and associated policy responses in terms of the ongoing China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) project. Indirect water impacts pose particular risks for the poor and the environment. Author(s): Walker, Oliver, Sammon, Paul, Srivastav, Sugandha, Vadheim, Bryan, Ward, John, Ramay, Shakeel, Parker, Helen, Jobbins, Guy Language: English |
Projected climate change in Kenya ASALs Report
The presentation provides stark information on temperature changes, projected rainfall, and cattle distribution in Kenya’s arid and semi-arid lands. There is growing evidence of escalating wildlife losses documented for large parts of Africa, linked with increasing livestock numbers. Livestock biomass was 8.1 times greater than that of wildlife in 2011 - 2013 compared to 3.5 times in 1977- 1980. Kenya national and country strategies (county integrated development plan (CIDP)and spatial plans) must include climate change strategies. Author(s): Said, Mohammed Y., Muhwanga, Joseph, Bedelian, Claire, Carabine, Liz, Nderitu, Simon, Moiko, Stephen, Atela, Joanes, Abuya, Robina Language: English |
Do natural disasters change savings and employment choices? : evidence from Bangladesh and Pakistan Paper
The paper investigates the economic response of households to natural disasters in Bangladesh and Pakistan, and in particular, to what extent households adjust their income, employment strategies and savings in response to floods and storms. It discusses policy implications in terms of developing non-farm employment opportunities to reduce future harm, and financing economic migration to reduce income vulnerability. In Bangladesh, farmers move away from farm to nonfarm employment as a coping strategy, whereas nonfarmers increase their off-farm labor supply. Although farmers in Pakistan move away from agriculture as an immediate response to disasters, within a year they return to farming. Author(s): Eskander, Shaikh M.S.U., Fankhauser, Samuel, Jha, Shikha Language: English |
Private adaptation of semi-arid lands : a tailored approach to 'leave no one behind' Article
Semi-arid lands (SALs) in developing countries are climate change hotspots where climate hazards affect poor populations disproportionately. This represents a major threat to the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda pledge to ‘leave no one behind.’ The article identifies opportunities to overcome structural weaknesses that contribute to lack of private investment, while also limiting opportunities to unlock broader resilience through the private sector. Unlocking the existing adaptive capacities of women, farmers and businesses in semi-arid areas is a key to accomplishing sustainable development goals. Globally, SALs are home to approximately one billion people, including some of the poorest and least food secure. Author(s): Gannon, Kate Elizabeth, Crick, Florence, Atela, Joanes, Babagaliyeva, Zhanna, Batool, Samavia, Bedelian, Claire, Carabine, Elizabeth, Conway, Declan, Diop, Mamadou, Fankhauser, Sam, Jobbins, Guy, Ludi, Eva, Qaisrani, Ayesha, Rouhaud, Estelle, Simonet, Catherine, Suleri, Abid, Wade, Cheikh Tidiane Language: English |
Unpacking climate impacts and vulnerabilities of cotton farmers in Pakistan : a case study of two semi‑arid districts Article
Indicators of adaptive capacity, such as access to financial resources, diversified livelihoods and access to weather information play a major role in reducing vulnerability against climate change. In this study a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods were used to explore factors of vulnerability facing cotton farmers in semi-arid regions of Pakistan. Adaptive capacity is significant in determining the overall vulnerability at the household level. Author(s): Batool, Samavia, Saeed, Fahad Language: English |
What defines livelihood vulnerability in rural semi‑arid areas? : evidence from Pakistan Article
In view of the enhanced vulnerability of semi-arid regions to climate change (IPCC AR5 Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change) this paper attempts to identify the key determinants of vulnerability in three semi-arid districts of Pakistan using an indicator-based approach. Semi-arid lands in Pakistan predominantly feature irrigated agriculture. Results of IPCC–LVI show varying levels of vulnerability experienced by farmers in the three study sites. This paper uses the IPCC-Livelihood Vulnerability Index for developing site-specific vulnerability scores that portray the unique aspects that determine districts’ vulnerability to climate change such as water supply, access to information, rural poverty, health, education and gender Author(s): Qaisrani, Ayesha, Umar, Muhammad Awais, Siyal, Ghamz E Ali, Salik, Kashif Majeed Language: English |
Outcome mapping : how PRISE assesses its contribution towards 'research into use' Brief
This two-page brief reports on Pathways to Resilience in Semi-Arid Economies (PRISE). PRISE research adopts a policy and development-first approach to engaging decision-makers in governments, businesses and trade bodies. The paper focuses on uptake/influence by stakeholders for policy and practice, also referred to in the programme as “research in use.” The Outcome Mapping (OM) process highlights and assesses changes among key stakeholders and their engagement with PRISE research, how PRISE contributed to these changes, and to inform and improve PRISE stakeholder engagement and ‘Research into Use’ (RiU) activities. Author(s): PRISE Language: English |
Migration futures in Asia and Africa : climate change and climate-resilient economic development – insights from Pakistan Brief
Policies facilitating planned migration could support improved climate adaptation for migrant families, and mitigate their risk of displacement. Future climate projections for Pakistan show an increase in temperature throughout the country and a decrease in rainfall in the monsoon belt, which is mainly arid and semi-arid areas. These changes will directly affect agricultural productivity and increasingly drive people out of rural areas unless alternative economic opportunities are provided in villages. Local governments should enable expanding economic opportunities for women and reduce the risks of male out-migration on the rural economy. Author(s): Hyder, Asma, PRISE Language: English |
How do African SMEs respond to climate risks? : evidence from Kenya and Senegal Paper
This paper investigates to what extent and how small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in poor countries are adapting to climate risks using data from 325 SMEs in the semi-arid regions of Kenya and Senegal. There is a clear role for public policy in facilitating good adaptation. The ability of firms to respond to climate risks depends on factors that can be shaped through policy intervention. Findings show that financial barriers are a key reason why firms resort to reactive coping mechanisms, while general business support, access to information technology and adaptation assistance encourages sustainable adaptation responses. Author(s): Crick, Florence, Eskander, Shaikh M.S.U., Fankhauser, Sam, Diop, Mamadou Language: English |
Deconstructing a pastoralists’ network to evaluate climate adaptation in the sector : a case study of Narok, Kenya Paper
The study confirms that through its agencies (the National Drought Management Authority and the Agricultural Sector Development Support Programme) the government is actively involved in addressing challenges facing the pastoralism sector in Kenya. However, the county disaster management strategy needs to be enhanced. Through strengthening policy and diversifying current prevention and recovery strategies, these actions will reduce the probability of increasing poverty among pastoralists in in Kenya. The livestock sector in the drylands accounts for 90% of employment and more than 95% of family incomes and livelihood security. Author(s): Ngaruiya, Grace W., Muithui, Lucy W. Language: English |
Understanding patterns of climate resilient development : the case of Senegal Paper
This report presents a case study from Senegal that explores the relationships between economic development and climate change. Urbanisation and economic diversification are transforming the climatic risks that Senegal faces and widening the rural-urban resilience gap. The tourism sector, historically presented as an opportunity to reduce economic exposure to drought, has in fact contributed to new forms of vulnerability. Internal migration from rural inlands to urban coastal areas reduced vulnerability to droughts but increased exposure and sensitivity to floods and coastal erosion. A clear legal framework on land use is essential, along with a strict ban on coastline sand collection. Author(s): Simonet, Catherine, Jobbins, Guy Language: English |
Aligning local and national development and climate planning : PRISE working with local- and national-level policymakers to achieve Senegal’s development goals : story of change Brief
Plan Senegal Emergent (PSE) is the framework of reference for the country’s economic and social policy. Addressing the challenge of aligning local development plans with PSE, and integrating climate resilience has become a priority issue for the government of Senegal. Innovation, Environnement, Developpement en Afrique (IED Afrique) will work with PSE on key issues including the consideration of climate scenarios in national policies, and the development of participatory methodologies for more effective engagement with communities in the implementation of PSE. Author(s): Ehode, Lancelot Soumelong, Diop, Mamadou, Sisodia, Rajeshree, Ambrose, Kaia Language: English |
Pakistan country situation assessment Study
This country situation assessment (CSA) report focuses on Pakistan’s vulnerable regions. Priority adaptation actions are proposed. So far, no development strategies cater to the needs of semi-arid and arid lands, which constitute 60% of Pakistan. The paper outlines climate risks in key sectors of Pakistan’s economic and social development: agriculture, health, infrastructure, governance, access to finance, and market structure. The report consists of three sections: 1) Development context; 2) Climate risks and development; and, 3) Implications for adaptation policy. Inconsistency in development planning is reflected in development plans of successive governments, as well as in development commitments made by the same governments in different tenures. Author(s): Salik, Kashif Majeed, Ishfaq, Sadia, Saeed, Fahad, Noel, Elishma, Syed, Qurat-ul-Ain Language: English |
Mapping the cotton value chain in Pakistan : a preliminary assessment for identification of climate vulnerabilities and pathways to adaptation Paper
As part of the Pathways to Resilience in Semi-arid Economies (PRISE) project this detailed working paper analyzes existing data from the cotton and textile sector in Pakistan, and identifies horizontal and vertical linkages within the cotton value chain (CVC). Cotton production in Pakistan has suffered huge losses due to climate extremes in the past 35 years. Analysis of relevant policy reveals that the textile sector is better protected, whereas the cotton production sector faces a less supportive policy regime. The paper includes mapping horizontal and vertical linkages in the CVC, the institutional framework, and the role of vulnerable groups. Author(s): Batool, Samavia, Saaed, Fahad Language: English |
Misfortunes never come singly structural change, multiple shocks and child malnutrition in rural Senegal Journal Article
This study considers factors of rising purchase prices and droughts; the two most pronounced shocks Senegalese subsistence farmers struggle with. The research assesses their relationship to child health, in a ‘multi-shock’ approach to account for concomitance of adverse events from the natural, biological, economic and health spheres. The 2011 droughts and increased prices explain up to 44% and 21% respectively, of the standard deviation of child health. The concomitance of droughts and increased prices after implementation of the Nutrition Enhancement Program, indicates that the health of children experiencing both types of shocks has improved. Author(s): Lazzaroni, Sara, Wagner, Natascha Language: English |
Adaptation options in the beef value chain in Laikipia County, Kenya Report
This study assesses climate change impacts and adaptation options in the semi-arid economy of Laikipia County. It uses an innovative approach to value chain analysis, the three step Value Chain Analysis for Resilience in Drylands (VC-ARID). Research results provide adaptation options such as investment in processing (modernization of slaughter facilities, cooling system, proper drainage system, environmental management) and feedlot availability at slaughter. More than 80% of the beef consumed in Kenya is produced by pastoralists, either domestically or in neighbouring countries. Local livestock markets dominated by brokers undervalue the weight of animals and set low prices unfair to producers. Author(s): Ndiritu, Wagura Language: English |
Better Water, Better Jobs - Envisioning a Sustainable Pakistan Brief
This policy brief reviews the relation between water management and employment in Pakistan. The major water resource in Pakistan is the Indus Basin irrigation system, which irrigates 90 per cent of the country’s crops. The critical point of existing policy is that the Ministry of Climate Change cannot implement it, and has no authority over the sectors concerned. Even though water is a scarce resource, Pakistan still achieves most foreign exchange earnings through the export of water-intensive agricultural products. Adaptation strategies need to be implemented. Agricultural production is threatened by climate change. Current rural and urban service delivery through decentralised governance needs to be improved. Author(s): Gollnow, Sebastian Language: English |
Sénégal : revue du contexte socioéconomique, politique et environnemental Études
Author(s): Gaye, Amadou Thierno, Lo, Henri Mathieu, Sakho-Djimbira, Souadou, Fall, Mor Seye, Ndiaye, Imbrahima Language: French |
Climate change and the geographical and institutional drivers of economic development Paper
Our review suggests that there are a potentially important set of dynamic interactions and feedback loops between institutions, climate (impacts and vulnerability) and development, which to date have been understudied. Understanding both the direct as well as the indirect effects of climate change is not only fundamental for the design of mitigation and adaptation strategies; whether by addressing the direct impacts of geographical factors, or by addressing their indirect effects on the socio-political environment, mitigation and adaptation strategies are also fundamental as key elements of broader development strategies. Moreover, as climate shocks disproportionally affect the poor, addressing climate-related risks is also a sound strategy in terms of addressing inequality and poverty reduction. Author(s): Castells-Quintana, David, Lopez-Uribe, Maria del Pilar, McDermott, Tom Language: English |
Using of landsat images for land use changes detection in the ecosystem : a case study of the Senegal River Delta Article
The paper reconstructs the history of land use in the Senegal River delta (1972-2014), using Landsat imagery. In the study area (which corresponds to the St. Louis, Louga, Podor, Dagana localities), the dynamic of land cover is very particular compared to national and most sub-region dynamics. The resulting maps are presented to denote ecosystem changes. Much of the area is converted dune (27.7%), followed by salt land class (21.1%), growing areas (13.5%). Only 3.2% of land area is varied aquatic vegetation. In general, the mass of land plants fell by 36.3% of area during this period. Author(s): Toure, M.A., Ndiaye, M.L., Traore, V.B., Faye, G., Cisse, B., Ndiaye, A., Wade, C.T. Language: English |
Agriculture, eau, climat et migration en terres semi-arides au Burkina Faso Études
Author(s): Newborne, Peter, Gansaonré, Noël R. Language: French |
Climate change and migration in developing countries : evidence and implications for PRISE countries Policy paper Brief
This paper informs the development community about the effects of climate change on migration patterns within and out of developing countries. It concentrates on the economic aspects of migration and on information that is relevant for the six semi-arid countries that are the focus of the PRISE (Pathways to Resilience in Semi-Arid Economies) project: Burkina Faso, Senegal, Kenya, Tanzania, Pakistan and Tajikistan. The insights are drawn from a broader review of the evidence by Waldinger (2015). Author(s): Waldinger, Maria, Fankhauser, Sam Language: English |
From field research to policy engagement : enhancing parliamentary involvement in climate action Training Materials
This story of change highlights how SDPI changed its approach of stakeholder engagement and communication that led to the identification and promotion of key stakeholders as champions of policy-to-action for PRISE research in Pakistan. Through these champions, PRISE research has been highlighted at the Sustainable Development Author(s): Batool, Samavia Language: English |
Climate change, private sector and value chains : constraints and adaptation strategies working paper Paper
Understanding how climate change will affect private sector activities and incentives as well as markets is key to understanding the overall economic but also social and environmental impacts of climate change in arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs). The private sector and market work package fosuses on private sector actors as key agents of change, with "private sector" actors defined here in a broad sense, encompassing both smallhoder farmers and large multinational companies. Although those actors are heterogeneous and sometimes have very different rationalities, the core constraints (such as limited access to finance, markets or natural resources) influencing their decision-making are often similar. Moreover, these actors are not acting independently from each other; they interact direclty or indirectly within value chains or through the use of resources and assets. For instance, they compete on the use of labour, land and water. Author(s): Lemma, Alberto, Jouanjean, Marie-Agnes, Darko, Emily Language: English |
Water resource decoupling in the MENA through food trade as a mechanism for circumventing national water scarcity Article
This paper combines Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Food Balance data with Water Footprint data to reveal how virtual water flows interact with food import tonnages to enhance or retard national decoupling based on food trade. Decoupling theorises breaking the links between economic and population growth and water demands for domestic food production. The detailed analysis applies a resource decoupling model in relation to the role and potential of food and virtual water trade in alleviating national and regional water limits in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The contrast between Egypt’s political denial of dependence, and Israel’s strategic adoption of food imports provides an example. Author(s): Gilmont, Michael Language: English |
Migrations et autonomisation des femmes en contexte de changement climiatique : enjeux et défis à Wendu Bosseabe (région de Matam) Études
Author(s): Dimé, Mamadou, Wade, Cheikh Tidiane, Ehode Soumelong, Lancelot Language: French |
Value chain analysis for resilience in drylands (VC-ARID): identification of adaptation options in key sectors Brief
Value Chain (VC-ARID) tests the hypothesis that there are two pathways for climate-resilient economic development in semi-arid lands. The first is through upgrading key value chains, such as cotton and beef (vertical transformation). The second is through diversification within the sectors or into related tertiary sectors, such as milk or tourism (horizontal transformation). The VC-ARID method considers: characteristics of semi-arid production, vulnerability to climate change risks, ecological and ecosystem conditions, informal and formal chains of production, and gender dimensions of economic activities. The paper describes the process of mapping value chains and how to identify options drawn from the data. Author(s): Carabine, Elizabeth, Simonet, Catherine Language: English |
Climate change impacts on crop productivity in global semi-arid areas and selected semi-arid economies Working paper Paper
This working paper addresses key knowledge gaps on the sources of uncertainty and key sensitivities in crop production under climate change conditions in the world’s semi-arid regions. Changes in global semi-arid areas in response to future climate change and corresponding crop yield are synthesised from a new ensemble of simulation results produced by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Modelling Intercomparison Project (ISI-MIP) (www.isi-mip.org) Author(s): Deryng, Delphine Language: English |
What if gender became an essential, standard element of Vulnerability Assessments? Article
This article draws on combined experiences of development practitioners, and considers lessons learned regarding the importance of integrating gender issues into vulnerability assessments (VA). These can be useful tools, providing key insights for government and nongovernment organisations and development actors, as they provide ‘landscape-wide’ understanding of vulnerability and its underlying causes within a specific context. This understanding can then be jointly owned by all participants and used for designing risk reduction programmes. As well, VA can provide the evidence needed for community groups to engage in advocacy with local and municipal/district authorities. Gender needs to be an essential, standard element of VAs. Author(s): Morchain, Daniel, Prati, Giorgia, Kelsey, Frances, Ravon, Lauren Language: English |
Governance transfrontalière du changement climatique dans les régions semi-arides : cas d'étude due Sénégal Études
Author(s): Lo, Henri M., Crick, Florence, Leck, Hayley, Ndiaye, Bamba, Sèye Fall, Mor Language: French |
Stratégies d’adaptation du secteur privé : quel début de réponse des PME en zones semi-arides du Sénégal ? Dossiers
Author(s): Diop, Mamadou, Diouf, Birame, Diouf, Babacar, Crick, Florence, Gannon, Kate Elizabeth Language: French |
Connecting the dots : linking climate change resilience to human capital Paper
This review discusses the concept of human capital as well as the mechanism for resilience building in the context of risks introduced by climate change in semi-arid regions. The review identifies certain policy gaps that suggest that the development paradigm of Pathways to Resilience in Semi-Arid Economies (PRISE) countries needs to alter and consider climate change as more of a development issue rather than environment alone. More investment should be directed towards data documentation regarding climate induced migration. Conceptual frameworks need to be established towards understanding how health and education endowments can be used to enhance climate resilience. Author(s): Qaisrani, Ayesha Language: English |
Migration and household adaptation in climate-sensitive hotspots in South Asia Article
South Asia is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, owing to the high dependency on climate-sensitive livelihoods and recurrent extreme events. Consequently, an increasing number of households are adopting labour migration as a livelihood strategy to diversify incomes, spread risks, and meet aspirations. Under the Collaborative Adaptation Research Initiative in Africa and Asia (CARIAA) initiative, four research consortia have investigated migration patterns and their inherent linkages to adaptation to climate change in climate hotspots. This article synthesizes key findings in a regional context in South Asia. Migration is an important livelihood strategy as a response to various stressors, including climatic risks. Author(s): Maharjan, Amina, de Campos, Ricardo Safra, Singh, Chandni, Das, Shouvik, Srinivas, Arjun, Bhuiyan, Mohammad Rashed Alam, Ishaq, Sultan, Umar, Muhammad Awais, Dilshad, Tanzina, Shrestha, Krity, Bhadwal, Suruchi, Ghosh, Tuhin, Suckall, Natalie, Vincent, Katharine Language: English |
Pathways to resilience in semi-arid economies : findings, recommendations, and learnings Study
Pathways to Resilience in Semi-Arid Economies (PRISE) uses a ‘policy and development first’ approach by jointly formulating its research questions and study areas in collaboration with target stakeholders (in-country decision-makers) and framing them in relation to their knowledge needs and development priorities. This report summarises: key thematic, national and global findings and policy recommendations; related engagement activities and stories of impact; the approach taken by the consortium and how it was set up and managed; monitoring of outcomes; lessons learned; and next steps for how the research can be used to inform future programming and climate adaptation. Author(s): Ludi, Eva Language: English |
Misfortunes never come singly : structural change, multiple shocks and child malnutirition in rural Senegal Brief
The proverb ‘misfortunes never come singly’ suggests that adverse events are connected, and that their impact is made worse because they happen together. The research examines effects of multiple shocks on child weight and height, using a novel dataset of children living in poor households in rural Senegal. The exposure of poor households to multiple and reinforcing shocks undermines their ability to escape from poverty traps. Climate risks and shocks therefore need to be considered in combination with other economic, biological and health shocks when designing development interventions and programmes for child health and nutrition. Author(s): Lazzaroni, Sara, Wagner, Natascha Language: English |
Climate induced rural-to-urban migration in Pakistan Paper
The development deficit in Pakistan’s rural semi-arid areas, paralleled by higher investments in urban centres, together lure potential migrants from rural areas to urban settlements. Rural poverty in Pakistan is widespread but more pronounced in arid and semi-arid zones. Study findings indicate that climate change acts in combination with many other socioeconomic determinants of migration. Migratory decisions may be taken to escape from losses in rural incomes, which are variably intensified by climatic stress. The paper analyzes climate-induced internal migration in a developing country that is largely semi-arid and faces development challenges of urbanisation, rural poverty, and associated agricultural decline. Author(s): Saeed, Fahad, Majeed Salik, Kashif, Ishfaq, Sadia Language: English |
Developing innovative tools to measure climate resilience Brief
A household survey followed 600 families in three Kyrgyzstan provinces. Pathways to Resilience in Semi-Arid Economies (PRISE) research explores people’s self-assessment of their own resilience (known as ‘subjective assessment’) in search of succinct and accurate climate-resilience indicators. Researchers asked communities to report their level of well-being in a ‘typical’ year when experiencing less severe shocks and stressors, and in a ‘difficult’ year, when experiencing one or more severe events. They also asked which stressors people were most concerned about in the future and to rate their ability to cope with such events. Author(s): PRISE Language: English |
Anaylsing the economic development impact of semi-arid lands, and mitigation through food-trade water recource decoupling Small grants programme Study
This research examines the relationship between semi-arid lands and national economic development, and the potential of food/agricultural trade to buffer semi-arid land vulnerability and mitigate water scarcity. It investigates a key assumption in development thinking – that water limits in semi-arid areas constrain economic growth. The research findings question whether future investment should be targeted at semi-arid lands directly, or whether wider national institutional and capacity considerations, including food trade, should be given more attention as a means of mitigating the vulnerability of people, land and economies to climate change. Author(s): Gilmont, Michael Language: English |
Rural livelihood vulnerability in semi-arid Pakistan : scope of migration as an adaptation strategy Paper
Results of the country study show that D. G. Khan is the district most vulnerable to climate change impacts, followed by Mardan, with Faisalabad the least vulnerable of the three districts. Migration is a common adaptation response to climate impacts, yet it varies from one region to another. A lack of adaptive capacity plays an important role in determining the overall vulnerability of households. Based on findings of the study, recommendations aim at improving resilience of the agricultural sector due to climate change impacts, facilitating diversification of rural livelihoods through rural development, and creating policy that includes planned rural outmigration. Author(s): Qaisrani, Ayesha, Umar, Muhammad Awais, Siyal, Ghamz e Ali, Salik, Kashif Majeed Language: English |
Resilience, equity and growth in semi-arid economies a research agenda Paper
The research considers what ‘fast, fair and resilient growth’ means in the context of rapidly changing socioeconomic and environmental systems in drylands. It examines five recurring issues: difficult geography; weak institutions; poor access to markets and trade; deficits in infrastructure and human capital; and low productivity. Pathways to Resilience in Semi-Arid Economies (PRISE) research Author(s): Jobbins, Guy, Conway, Declan, Fankhauser, Sam, Gueye, Bara, Liwenga, Emma, Ludi, Eva, Mitchell, Tom, Mountfort, Helen, Suleri, Abid Language: English |
Maximising the potential of migrants and remittances to build climate-resilient economic and social development in Senegal and Tajikistan Brief
The challenges of climate change, along with limited employment and income opportunities make internal and external labour migration the most widespread and effective livelihood alternative for many vulnerable people in Senegal and Tajikistan. A comparison study of the two countries, where remittances are a major source of revenue, show migrants becoming key actors in local development. By creating a formal collaborative framework between government and civil society, the national governments of Senegal and Tajikistan would help to develop coherent migration policies, fostering inclusive economic development. Author(s): Language: English |
Burkina Faso : revue du contexte socioéconomique, politique et environnemental rapport d'étude Études
La plus-value de la présente revue est d'intégrer dans un cadre analytique les questions de bien-être, d'environnement et de gouvernance, qui jouent un rôle important, et la dynamique d'ensemble des acteurs politiques, des organisations de la société civile ainsi que des acteurs du secteur privé. La section 1 de la revue présente le contexte de développement du Burkina Faso, les relations entre le climat et le développement sont discutées dans la section 2. Les incidences pour l'adaptation et la résilience sont résumés dans la section 3. Une conclusion qui rappelle les objectifs et les résultats de la revue est présentée à la fin du rapport. Author(s): Wetta, Claude, Dipama, Jean-Marie, Akouwerabou, Denis, Sampana, Leon Language: French |
Role of heat stress in migration decisions : a case study of Faisalabad Paper
This study explores the relation between migration decisions and heat stress, its impact on livelihoods and thermal comfort levels both at home and at work. Many developing countries face declining worker productivity due to heat stress. Migration provides an opportunity to reduce risk and diversify livelihoods. Extreme heat stress is associated with migration because it affects livelihood and reduces farm and non-farm income. The paper is based on a household survey using a structured questionnaire to compare two study sites 1) Rural areas of Faisalabad district 2) Peri-urban areas of Faisalabad city. Author(s): Umar, Muhammad Awais, Saeed, Fahad Language: English |
Perceptions of climate variability, current exposure of households to shocks and coping in semi-arid lands : a case study from the Central Plateau region in Burkina Faso Paper
Household characteristics and capacities need to be taken into account when designing adaptation and safety net mechanisms aimed at reducing vulnerability to climate change. This analysis shows that households in the study area are aware of changing climate and are concerned about increasing dryness affecting agricultural production, livestock and health. However, it also revealed that the most frequent shocks to households are health-related, followed by environmental impacts. The paper uses mathematical modelling to weigh factors of vulnerability. Author(s): Hartwig, Renate Language: English |
Building blocks of climate-resilient economic development and private sector adaptation in semi-arid lands in Senegal and Kenya Brief
Developing enabling environments along with tools such as the framework developed in this research, could help policy and decision makers. The project investigates how small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the agricultural sector in semi-arid lands (SAL) can adapt and take advantage of new opportunities created by climate change. Access to finance, markets and information services, as well as general government support and specific adaptation assistance, are all factors that encourage SMEs to pursue ‘sustainable’ adaptation strategies (such as insurance) rather than ‘reactive’ coping strategies (such as making staff redundant or selling assets). Author(s): PRISE Language: English |
Gestion des risques climatiques Études
Author(s): Wade, Tidiane, Toure, Oussouby, Diop, Mamadou Language: French |
Kenya : country situation assessment Paper
This assessment contributes to a better understanding of the underlying causes of vulnerability in drought-prone areas, with an emphasis on pastoralists and agro-pastoralists, to promote disaster risk reduction, ecosystem rehabilitation, and sustainable livelihood practices. Kenya’s arid counties are predominantly pastoral, with high mobility of pastoralists and livestock and limited crop farming. The semi-arid counties are mostly agro-pastoral, with integrated crop/livestock production systems common. Opportunities for climate-resilient development for poverty alleviation lie in the restoration of degraded ecosystem services and especially in reversing declining land productivity. Author(s): Njoka, Jesse T., Yanda, Pius, Maganga, Faustin, Liwenga, Emma, Kateka, Adolphine, Henku, Abdallah, Mabhuye, Edmund, Malik, Nico, Bavo, Cynthia Language: English |
Coping with climate risk: the role of institutions, governance and finance in private adaptation decisions of the poor Paper
This paper looks at climate change adaptation in semi-arid regions from the point of view of households, and how political and economic institutions affect adaptation decisions. It reviews the range of risk-coping mechanisms available to poorer households as well as barriers to adaptation. An important consideration for policy-makers is how adaptation and development will interact dynamically over time. For example, development initiatives based on climate-sensitive activity or located in high- risk areas risk locking in longer-term vulnerability. Those most vulnerable to climate change impacts most often lack resources to move out of agriculture or to migrate to more productive locations. Author(s): Castells-Quintana, David, Lopez-Uribe, Maria del Pilar, McDermott, Tom Language: English |
Disappearing wildlife and rising livestock numbers in Kenyan rangelands Brief
In order to assess pastoral livestock production, wildlife management, and conservation policies in Kenya’s arid and semi-arid rangelands, the research analyzes links between climate variability, wildlife and livestock numbers; land use and ownership, as well as human population changes. In the last 20 to 30 years the privatisation of pastoral and communal lands has increased, leading to land use changes, from grazing – to agriculture and urban development. These changes are generating enormous pressure on both pastoralists and wildlife, groups that once used to thrive together. Author(s): PRISE Language: English |
The urban - rural interface a preliminary study in Burkina Faso Study
As cities have grown in contexts of increasing pressure on water resources, case studies have begun to emerge of water transfers and ‘reallocations’ from rural to urban areas. The Ouagadougou-Ziga dam case is an example of rural to urban water transfer. This detailed report provides findings from a study in Burkina Faso. The report describes emerging conflicts over water usage in terms of current law and water policy. The government, through the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources (MAHRH) is responsible for ‘integration of water resources’ (Article 13) and overseeing different demands. The capital city of Ouagadougou is located in the semi-arid central plateau of the country. Author(s): Newborne, Peter, Tucker, Josephine Language: English |
Migration futures in Asia and Africa : economic opportunities and distributional effects : the case of Pakistan Paper
Declining agricultural yields and diminishing livelihood prospects due to climate change may motivate people to move households in search of better opportunities. This study applies two types of analyses: (i) a livelihood resilience approach: by constructing a resilience index for migrant and non-migrant households, and (ii) a case study approach for each study site, towards better understanding of factors that drive out-migration from rural areas; the social impacts of male out-migration on left-behind families; and the profile of current and potential migrants among households. This report is part of a long-term research agenda that guides Pathways to Resilience in Semi-arid Economies (PRISE). Author(s): Salik, Kashif Majeed, Qaisrani, Ayesha, Umar, Muhammad Awais, Ali, Syed Mohsin Language: English |
Tanzania : Country Situation Assessment Paper
This Country Situation Assessment (CSA) report provides an initial analysis of the past and current climate in Tanzania. It suggests solutions to the complex challenges of natural resource management, economic development, poverty alleviation and resilience-building in the context of climate change. Significant positive temperature trends in both maximum and minimum temperatures at the weather stations have been observed. Development opportunities in arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs) could include climate-smart agriculture, small-scale mining, sustainable pastoralism and community-based wildlife resource management. Author(s): Yanda, Pius, Maganga, Faustin, Liwenga, Emma, Kateka, Adolphine, Henku, Abdallah Language: English |
From field research to policy engagement : enhancing parliamentary involvement in climate action Brief
Creating policy impact through research and policy interface is one of the key objectives of Pathways to Resilience in Semi-Arid Economies (PRISE). This story of change highlights how Sustainable Development Policy Initiative (SDPI) changed its approach to stakeholder engagement and communication, which led to the identification and promotion of key stakeholders as champions of policy-to-action for PRISE research in Pakistan. SDPI joined with elected officials at the Ministry of Climate Change to focus on key climate issues facing Pakistan. The political economy plays a huge role in determining the uptake and implementation of research messages in Pakistan. Author(s): Sustainable Development Policy Institute, PRISE Language: English |
Investissements et répartition des ressources en eau au Burkina Faso : étude préliminaire sur l’arbitrage urbain-rural Études
Author(s): Newborne, Peter Language: French |
Do natural disasters change savings and employment choices : evidence from Pakistan Paper
The paper explores to what extent households adjust their savings and income strategies in response to floods. Using a detailed panel dataset that was assembled concurrently with two major flood events in Pakistan, evidence shows household economic adjustments. However, these appear to be temporary: affected farmers move away from agriculture as an immediate response to floods, but they return within a year. Flood affected households allocate a significant portion of their post-flood income to replenish livestock and seeds. The findings have policy implications in terms of strategies to develop nonfarm employment, and in financing economic migration to reduce income vulnerability. Author(s): Eskander, Shaikh, Fankhauser, Sam, Jha, Shikha, Batool, Samavia, Qaisrani, Ayesha Language: English |
Misfortunes never come singly : structural change, multiple shocks and child malnutrition in rural Senegal Article
Author(s): Mabhuye, Edmund, Yanda, Pius, Maganga, Faustin, Liwenga, Emma, Kateka, Adolphine, Henku, Abdallah, Malik, Nico, Bavo, Cynthia |
Socio-economic and cultural factors of violence against women in Pakistan Paper
This study discusses the socio-economic, cultural, religious and institutional factors that sustain abuse of women. A qualitative approach has been adopted to understand the power-dynamics that prevail at different levels of society in order to draw out perspectives from a wide variety of stakeholders. The locale of the study is the provinces of Punjab (Lahore, Multan, and Khanewal) and Sindh (Karachi, Sukkur, and Hyderabad). The study shows that women face direct, cultural and structural violence through a deeply entrenched system of patriarchy at all tiers of public and private life. The most fundamental challenge women are faced with in Pakistan is violence. Author(s): Qaisrani, Ayesha, Liaquat, Sadaf, Khokhar, Elishma Noel Language: English |